Latino Race Ethnicity and Place in the USA Essay

tend people who sh ar somatogenic characteristics, such as skin strain and facial features that argon passed on through and through reproduction social verbal give tongue toion a societal invention that labels people based on fleshly appearance. Skin color, hair texture, and eye shape be examples of unequal preaching heathenish Group a mathematical convocation of people who identify with a common national origin or heathen heritage that includes language, geographic roots, food, customs, traditions, and/or religion. Puerto Ricans, Chinese, Serbs, Arabs, Swedes, Hungarians, Jews Racial-Ethnic Group people who befool characteristic physical and cultural characteristics. Immigrants Illegal immigrants do the cables that near Americans dont want identical clean homes and offices, nannies and busboys, nurses aides, and pick fruit for low wage Dominant and nonage Groups Dominant Group every physic entirelyy or culturally distinctive group that has most economic and political power, the greatest privileges, and the highest social status. workforce are dominant group because they have more status, resources, and power than women. Apartheid a formal system of racial segregation Minority a group of people who may be subject to differential and unequal discussion because of their physical, cultural, and other characteristics such as sex, sexual orientation, religion, heathenishity, or skin color. American minorities have hardly a(prenominal)er choices than dominant group members in finding homes and apartments because they are less(prenominal) apparent to get answer from a bank to help with mortgage. Patterns of Dominant-Minority Group Relations Genocide the systematic effort to kill all members of a particular ethnic, religious, political, racial, or national group. Holocaust in Germany separationism the physical and social separation of dominant and minority groups. De Facto informal may be voluntary as when members of racial or et hnic groups pick out to live among their sustain group. Due to discrimination -De Jure Legal replaced by de facto assimilation the process of conforming to the culture of the dominant group, adopting its language and values, and intermarrying with that group. Mexicans are less likely to assimilate in the US than immigrants from the Philippines, Vietnam or South Korea because they are more likely to have entered the country illegally which cuts them from getting a good job, most public assistance programs, and flattual citizenship Pluralism minority groups restrain their culture but have equal social standing in a society. The US is pluralistic because it is multicultural, multicolored, and multilingual. Also, the US has most racial and ethnic communities (Little Italy, Greek Town, Little Korea, Spanish Harlem) live peacefully side by side Some Sources of Racial-Ethnic Friction Racism a set of beliefs that ones own racial group is of course superior to other groups. harm a n attitude, convinced(p) or shun, toward people because of their membership. disparate from us in race, ethnicity, or religion. Asians are really hard workers vacuous people cant be trusted Stereotype an oversimplified exaggerate generalization about a category of people. Can be positive All African Americans are athletic Can be negative All African Americans are lazy Ethnocentrism the belief that ones own culture, society, or group is inherently superior to others. Reject those outback(a) of our group Scapegoats individuals or groups whom people blame for their own problems or shortcomings. They didnt hire me because the company wants blacks I didnt get into that college because Asian Americans are at the top of the list Minorities are scapegoating targets because they differ in physical appearance and too powerless to strike back. Stereotypes, ethnocentrism, and scapegoating are attitudes, but tether to discrimination. distinction any act that treats people unequa lly or unfairly because of their group membership. Range from social slights (not inviting a co worker to lunch) to rejection of job application and hate crimes. Can be subtle (not sitting attached to someone) or blatant (racial slurs) Individual disparity harmful action on a one-to-one basis by a member of a dominant group against a member of a minority group. secretion while eating in restaurants, shopping, buying house, applying for job, etc. Institutional Discrimination unequal treatment and opportunities that members of minority groups experience as a answer of the routine operations of a societys law, rules, policies, practices, and customs. Heath function minorities get lower quality care than white people even when treated by the same doctor. Relationship between Prejudice and Discrimination Robert Merton described the relationship between prejudice and discrimination as 4 patterns 1. Unprejudiced Nondiscriminators All-weather liberals They arent prejudiced and d ont distinguish they believe in the American creed of freedom 2. Prejudiced Discriminators alive(p) Bigots They are prejudiced and do discriminate. They are willing to break laws to express beliefs 3. Unprejudiced Discriminators Fair-weather liberals They arent prejudiced but they discriminate because its in their own self interest to do so 4.Prejudiced Nondiscrimination Timid Bigots They are prejudiced but dont discriminate. Major Racial and Ethnic Groups in the US European Americans immigrants from southern and eastern Europe they viewed newcomers as dirty, lazy, and uncivilized because they differ in language, religion and customs. Latinos many Latinos who were professionals in their endemic land only find low-income jobs in the US. They often have a hard time to both work and learn English thoroughly enough to pass exams to become doctors, lawyers, and accountants. Many are successful though. win relegate hourly wages because they are older, better educated, and more lik ely to be employed in spin than agriculture. African Americans They are successful. A third of all black households earn incomes of $50,000 or more. Asian Americans the most successful Asian Americans are those who cover English relatively headspring and have high education levels. Have higher educational levels than any other US racial-ethnic groups. Most likely to be concentrated in highly skilled occupations like information technology, science, engineering, and medicine. American Indians they are not immigrants, they have been in the US longer than any other group. They have made considerable economic progress by insisting on self- determination and the rights of tribes to run their own affairs. Most of them work in construction and repair, maintenance, and personal and laundry services. Middle Eastern Americans one of the most divers(prenominal) and complex combinations of geographic, historical, religious, linguistic, and even racial places on Earth. Tend to be better e ducated and wealthier than other Americans. Well integrated into American life.Three of quaternity speak only English at home or speak it well and more than half are homeowners. Sociological Explanations of Racial-Ethnic Inequality Functionalism (macro) Prejudice and Discrimination can be dysfunctional, but they provide benefits for dominant groups and stabilize society. Conflict (macro) Powerful groups maintain their advantages and perpetuate racial-ethnic inequality primarily through economic exploitation Primary Labor Market held primarily by white workers, provide better wages, health and pension benefits, and some legal community of job security Secondary Labor Market (fast-food employees) are mostly minorities and easily paid, their wages are low, there are a few benefits and working conditions are poor. Feminist (macro and micro) Minority women suffer from the combined effects of racism and sexism. Gendered Racism the overlapping and cumulative effects of inequality due(p) to racism and sexism. Symbolic Interactionism (micro) Hostile attitudes toward minorities, which are learned, can be cut through cooperative interracial and interethnic contacts. Attitudes toward dominant and minority groups through labeling and selective perception can increase prejudice and discrimination. Contact Hypothesis the thought that more people get to know members of a minority group personally, the less likely they are to be prejudiced against that group assorted and Interethnic Relationships Miscegenation marriage or sexual relations between a man and a woman of different races. The increase in intermarriage reflects many interrelated factors both macro and micro that include everyday contact and changing attitudes