How to Create a Research Paper Outline

How to Create a Research Paper OutlineCreating a research paper outline is not really a difficult task. The research paper writing can sometimes be time consuming and it can also be difficult to remember and follow your research paper outline in the written work. In most of the times, you can easily make use of some research guides and some of them are available online. These guides will provide you with useful tips and tools to help you in writing an outline for your research paper.As a student, you should always participate in a study group where you can discuss ideas and strategies with your classmates. After that, you should ask questions about the topics that you were discussing with the others. You can also look through your notes that you took during the session so that you can find the exact answer to the questions that you have in mind. This will definitely help you in creating an outline for your research paper.The outline that you are going to create for your research pape r should be simple and should be easy to understand. It should also be possible for you to follow all of the steps that you have outlined in the research paper outline. The following tips are going to give you some excellent advice on how to create a research paper outline.When you are participating in a study group, you should first learn the basics of each group or the subject that you are going to be researching. For example, if you are a finance student, you can first learn about credit card, loans, mortgages, tax returns, education, etc. After that, you can immediately start to determine the different subjects that you can cover in your research paper.You can also create an outline for your research paper by using a wide range of research guides that are available online. There are many resources that are available online that can help you in writing an outline for your research paper.First, you should always include certain points that you want to include in your research pape r and include them in the research guide that you are using. Also, you can include all of the information that you want to include so that you will not forget about certain topics.Aside from the outline, you should also consider the format of your research paper. Research guides should also be able to provide you with the list of formats that you can choose from when you are writing a research paper. There are some formats that are not mentioned in the research guide, but you should choose one format for yourself.Once you have created the outline for your research paper, you should immediately start to start writing your research paper. However, it is important that you start from the beginning so that you can avoid any error that can occur in the middle of the research paper. If you do not find an error, then you should continue with the outline and try to finish the entire research paper by the time that the deadline of the paper.

Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 - 1375 Words

Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 (Research Paper Sample) Content: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE 1997 ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS By (Author) Name of the Class (Course) Professor (Tutor) Name of the School (University) City Date Abstract The East Asian regional currency and financial crisis was not foreshadowed until mid-1997 when the lights flashed warnings of a possibility of a regional financial crisis. Other than Thailand that suffered from serious current account deficits between 1995 and 1996, other South East Asian economies looked safe from currency devaluation. The East Asian governments blamed the financial panic and contagion for the 1997 exchange rate collapses and strongly believed that the currency crisis had nothing to do with the bad economic and political policies of the East Asian states. This research paper explores the possible causes and effects of this Asian Crisis-5 that mainly affected Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, and South Korea. The paper will further discuss the lessons learnt from thi s East Asian crisis. The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis Introduction The 1997-98 Asian economic and financial crisis is one of the most horrible global financial and economic contagions that raised controversial debates among economic and financial analysts. This Asian financial crisis begun at the onset of the third quarter of the 1997 calendar year and it happened to be the third regional currency crisis since 1990, with the 1992-1993 European and the 1994-1995 Latin American currency collapses being the first and second respectively (Reinhart, & Kenneth, & Rogoff, 2009, 78). Although these earlier currency and economic crises flashed strong warnings to the leading financial institutions (International Monetary Fund) and governments on the possibility future regional financial and economic contagion, these institutions and political authorities failed to respond in time. However, the cautionary marks of the Thais economy indicated that currency crisis was sustainable bo th in the long-run and medium term given that over 80% of the Thais current accounts drew financial support from the private capital inflows accounts (Radelet, & Jeffrey, 1998, 96-7). Therefore, there was no cause of alarm to the East Asian economy at large, including the most vulnerable country – Thailand. Causes of the 1997-98 Asian Financial Crisis A study by Sachs and Wing (2000, 66) identified investment boom as the primary source of the Asian crisis. During the first half of 1990s, the South East Asian economy posted impressive economic growth and development that was described as the ‘Asian Miracle’. The region was characterized by a 6-9% annual economic expansion, unprecedented Gross Domestic Product growth, and export boom (Radelet, & Jeffrey, 1998, 56). A combination of relatively educated and cheap labour, massive capital inflow, direct foreign investments, and abolition of exports and trade barriers in a number of South East Asian countries contribut ed to the region becoming an export powerhouse. This was measured by the 18%, 16%, 15%, 14%, and 12% export growth in Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong, and South Korea respectively (Radelet, & Sachs, 1998, 112). The increased returns generated by the unprecedented export led growth and expansion in Asia fueled a massive investment boom particularly in residential and commercial property, infrastructure, and industrial assets. This led to inflationary pressure on residential and commercial property in major Asian cities. Consequently, the region witnessed investment boom in the real estate and housing sectors entirely financed by monetary borrowings and credits. According to Kaminsky, Saul, and Carmen (1998, 44), the South East Asian governments also contributed to the investment boom by heavily investing in infrastructural projects and providing incentives to encourage private investments. The investment boom resulted in excess capacity in the housing and real estate sectors , thus low returns than initially anticipated by the investors. This ballooned investment volume during the 1990s exceeded the demand capacity, thus a significant decline in the projected economic returns that further led to a rapid rate of defaults in loans repayments (Kaminsky, Saul, & Carmen, 1998, 45). Economic and financial liberalizations also played a role in the Asian financial crisis. The South East Asian countries encouraged financial liberalization that allowed easy conversion of foreign currencies into local currencies purposely to stimulate direct investments and foreign trade (Lane, & Gian, 2008, 77). Capital account transactions and capital flows were least regulated, leading to uncontrolled capital inflows from international banks in the form of loans extended to local companies and banks. Such highly liberalized financial policies and regulations resulted in excess foreign debts owed by the private sector. According to Dornbusch (2001, 823), the Asian financial cri sis was attributed to panic and withdrawal by the lenders. The collapse of Thailand’s currency caused panic among foreign lenders and investors, resulting in the credit crunch and bankruptcies. A significant proportion of foreign investors withdrew their financial resources. As a result, the troubled domestic currencies flooded the foreign exchange market, thus exerting depreciative pressure on the local exchange rates (Radelet, & Jeffrey, 1998, 67). Socio-economic Effects of the Asian Financial Crisis The 1997-98 Asian financial crisis adversely affected the South East Asian macro and micro-economics performance. In general, the region that at one point boasted of the fastest growing economy in the world suffered a major economic and financial setback with a sharp drop in the GDP from over 8% in 1996 to negative 1.4% in 1998 (see table 1 in the appendix), representing economic retrogression (Corsetti, Paolo, & Nouriel, 1998, 22). Thailand was the worst hit out of the five c ountries that were at the helm of the Asian crisis with its GDP posting 10.8% retrogression in 1998 (Corsetti, Paolo, & Nouriel, 1998, 23). Following the 1997-98 financial crisis, the South East Asian economic contraction majorly impacted on the economic capacity to create employment opportunities. The collapsing of the leading financial institution and the decline in private investments in South East Asia led to forceful lay-off of employees. Consequently, the rate of unemployment in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Philippines skyrocketed to a record high of 6.4% in 1999 (Sachs, & Wing, 2000, 38). As a result, the purchasing power of the Asians significantly dropped, further hurting economic growth prospects. Following retrenchments, increased underemployment, and loss of employment opportunities, poverty index in Indonesia went up to 24.2% in 1998, but slightly dropped to 23.5% in the following year (Eichengreen, 1999, 18-9). Socially, the decline in real wages force d the consumers to cut their healthcare expenditures, thus deteriorating their social and health status. Besides, the crisis resulted in a significant decline in school enrolment as incidences of child labour rapidly increased in Thailand and Indonesia in order to supplement their family income. Lessons Learnt from the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis Although the 1997 Asian crisis came to an end, it raised a number of critical issues regarding the international financial and economic systems, with emphasis on the establishment of sound international financial architectural policies. As explained by Mishkin (1999, 715), the Asian crisis served as a strong lesson that prevention of such crises in future calls for designing of sound and sustainable macroeconomic policies to govern the operations of financial institutions. Lane and Gian (2008, 330) backed Mishkin’s argument that although desirable, excessive financial and economic liberalizations are hurtful to the economy, some regulations are necessary. While drumming support for the role of financial liberalization, Moreno, Gloria, and Eli (1998, 81) explained that strengthening of international surveillance that complies with the international monetary standards and incorporating regional financial policies would be esse ntial in averting future financial problems. They further argued that financial institutions should implement advanced risk management strategies, including improved financial regulation and supervision for both creditor and debtor countries. Had this been implemented, then, the Asian financial crisis would have been prevented. More importantly, Moreno, Gloria, and Eli (1998, 81) asserted that transparency is very fundamental in crisis prevention. According to Kaminsky, Saul, and Carmen (1998, 43-4), lack of transparency by the central banks in the region with respect to international reserve p...

Eng201 Past Papers in Groups of Four

Eng201 Past Papers in Groups of FourAlthough most students who take the Eng201 Past Papers are set on taking the final term, there is some that are not set on doing so. The reason for this could be due to exam time or a lack of desire to study for the test and that may affect their grades.The majority of students do well when they can take their Eng201 Past Papers in small groups because it provides them the opportunity to focus on each topic by themselves. While taking these in small groups, it is also possible to speak with a tutor to better understand what each area is needed to know for their own study.While having the class group study during the last term can make it easier for them to focus on the material, it is still best to take the Eng201 Past Papers individually. It is possible to obtain good marks if each student takes the paper in a very individual way, but the chances of getting all the information correct are extremely slim.One way to ensure that the Eng201 Past Paper s is taken by each student individually is to have each one take the work in groups of four. This way each student has a tutor to assist them throughout the research and analysis part of the paper.By having the group of students work together it allows the students to learn more effectively and faster because they are not sitting next to someone who does not understand. Each student will be able to work on the paper at their own pace, so the learning curve is more gradual.Not only can this type of studying help to speed up the final term, but it also makes sure that the student is actually learning from the paper. It is very common for a student to feel as though the project was not worth the effort, but by having a group to work it out before hand it helps to give students more incentive to do the work correctly.If students want to avoid the possibility of a slow down in the final term, they can take all the Eng201 Past Papers that they need in groups of four. By having the four se ts of papers it gives each student the opportunity to work on each paper at their own pace without having to worry about a slow study session.Having a group study can help to make sure that the student does not get a hang up on a subject, and also give them the confidence that they are learning something while taking the Eng201 Past Papers. It is possible to take the classes without the aid of a tutor, but it is even better if the students take the Eng201 Past Papers individually.